What Are E-Waste EPR Laws?
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) laws for electronics require manufacturers who sell electronics in a state to fund the collection and recycling of those products at end of life. The logic: if you profit from selling the product, you're responsible for managing it responsibly when consumers are done with it.
Most state e-waste programs are funded by manufacturer fees calculated based on market share. These fees fund collection infrastructure — drop-off sites, collection events, and processing.
States with E-Waste Programs
As of 2026, 25 states have enacted e-waste EPR laws, with significant variation in scope and implementation. California was first (2003) and has one of the most comprehensive programs. Other states with programs include Washington, Oregon, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and most of the Southeast.
States without EPR programs generally have no manufacturer-funded recycling — consumers must rely on manufacturer voluntary programs, retailer take-back, or fee-based recyclers.
What's Covered
Coverage varies by state. Most programs cover: desktop and laptop computers, monitors and displays, TVs, printers, and keyboards/mice. Some states also cover: tablets, smartphones, small appliances, and gaming consoles.
Check your state's specific program list — manufacturers who don't comply with EPR laws face sales restrictions in that state, creating strong compliance incentives.
How to Use Your State's Program
In EPR states, manufacturer websites and state environmental agency websites list approved collection sites. Many are at electronics retailers, libraries, government buildings, and dedicated collection events. Drop-off is typically free for covered devices.
California's program charges a consumer fee at point of sale (the 'eWaste recycling fee' on your receipt) rather than at disposal, making drop-off free. Other states fund programs entirely through manufacturer fees.
Federal Legislation Prospects
Multiple federal e-waste bills have been introduced but not passed as of 2026. Federal legislation would create a national standard, address interstate transport issues, and potentially extend coverage to materials not covered by state programs. Industry advocates and environmental groups have both expressed interest in federal standards, though details remain contested.